Determinants of Tourist Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Perceived Value Using Structural Equation Modeling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17051577Keywords:
tourist satisfaction, perceived value, cultural heritage, structural equation modeling (sem), west bengal tourism, destination attractiveness, service quality, safety, infrastructureAbstract
Tourism plays a pivotal role in regional development by fostering economic growth, cultural exchange, and employment opportunities. This study investigates the determinants of tourist satisfaction in West Bengal, India, with a particular focus on the mediating role of perceived value. Drawing upon established constructs—Destination Attractiveness, Infrastructure, Cultural Heritage, Safety, and Service Quality—the research applies Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyse survey data collected from 450 tourists in Darjeeling. Results reveal that all five destination attributes significantly influence perceived value, which in turn mediates their effects on tourist satisfaction. Destination Attractiveness and Service Quality emerged as the strongest predictors, while Safety and Infrastructure also contributed directly to satisfaction outcomes. The model explains 65.3% of the variance in tourist satisfaction, underscoring its robustness and practical relevance. Findings highlight the need for strategic investment in infrastructure, safety measures, and cultural programming to enhance perceived value and foster repeat visitation. This research contributes to tourism management literature by providing empirical evidence from an emerging destination context and offering actionable insights for policymakers and destination managers.
Downloads
References
Akama, J. S., & Kieti, D. M. (2003). Measuring tourist satisfaction with Kenya’s wildlife safari: A case study of Tsavo West National Park. Tourism Management, 24(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00044-4
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
Baker, D. A., & Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 785–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00108-5
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Bhat, M. A., & Ghosh, S. (2022). Infrastructure, service quality, and tourist satisfaction: Evidence from India’s Eastern Himalayan region. Tourism Management Perspectives, 42, 100941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100941
Bigné, J. E., Sánchez, I., & Andreu, L. (2009). The role of variety seeking in short and long run revisit intentions in holiday destinations. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506180910962113
Chatterjee, A., & Bhattacharya, S. (2021). Festival tourism and cultural consumption in Kolkata: A study on Durga Puja. Tourism Culture & Communication, 21(1), 35–50. [Publisher’s site link – DOI not assigned]
Chen, C.-F., & Chen, F.-S. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008
Chen, C.-F., & Tsai, D. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioural intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4), 1115–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007
Chi, C. G.-Q., & Qu, H. (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29(4), 624–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.06.007
Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1999). Tourism, competitiveness, and societal prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00196-3
Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Rao, P. (2000). The price competitiveness of travel and tourism: A comparison of 19 destinations. Tourism Management, 21(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00081-3
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Fuchs, G., & Reichel, A. (2006). Tourist destination risk perception: The case of Israel. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 14(2), 83–108. https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v14n02_06
Gallarza, M. G., Arteaga, F., & Gil-Saura, I. (2015). Value dimensions in tourism: The value-satisfaction-loyalty chain. Tourism Management, 47, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.08.013
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Hu, Y., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1993). Measuring destination attractiveness: A contextual approach. Journal of Travel Research, 32(2), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759303200204
Kim, H., Lee, S., & Klenosky, D. B. (2003). The influence of push and pull factors on visitor satisfaction. Tourism Analysis, 8(2), 227–240.
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
Kozak, M., & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off-season holiday destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800308
McKercher, B., & du Cros, H. (2002). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. Haworth Press.
Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioural perspective on the consumer. McGraw-Hill.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.
Petrick, J. F. (2002). Development of a multi-dimensional scale for measuring the perceived value of a service. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(2), 119–134.
Poria, Y., Butler, R., & Airey, D. (2003). The core of heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00064-6
Reisinger, Y., & Mavondo, F. (2005). Travel anxiety and intentions to travel internationally: Implications of travel risk perception. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272017
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
Saxena, G., & Ilbery, B. (2008). Integrated rural tourism: A border case study. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 233–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.10.004
Singh, S. (2020). Tourism infrastructure and destination development: A case of Indian Himalayas. Tourism Planning & Development, 17(3), 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1631947
Sönmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998a). Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), 112–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00072-8
Sönmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998b). Determining future travel behaviour from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700209
Timothy, D. J., & Boyd, S. W. (2003). Heritage tourism. Pearson Education.
World Travel & Tourism Council. (2020). Travel & tourism: Economic impact 2020 – India. https://wttc.org
Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A beginner’s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9(2), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079
Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016
Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means–end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251446

Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
ARK
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahul Biswas

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Research Articles in 'Management Journal for Advanced Research' are Open Access articles published under the Creative Commons CC BY License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This license allows you to share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.