Management Journal for Advanced Research

The Paradox of Safety: A Critical State-Wise Analysis of Crime Against the Elderly in India

Promita Mukherjee, Parthib Mukherjee — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

By 2050, India is set to undergo a significant demographic shift as the population aged 60 and above is expected to double. India’s increasing concern with the problem of crime against the elderly. This elderly demographic not only presents social problems but also dire issues concerning the safety of the elderly population with respect to crime. This paper goes far beyond the usual narrative and descriptive frameworks based on statistical winterization of the data and presents a critical, multi-variate, inter-state analysis of the problem. The present study begins with a standardized analysis of the data base on the police reported crime data as published in the NCRB 'Crime in India' 2022 report, calculating the police reported crime rate per 100,000 seniors CRE. This, in turn, relies on the police presence to per capita income non-agricultural industries to agriculture ratio in the state.

This study contributes to the literature on interstate crime in India in three significant ways. First, the study offers the most recent and comprehensive standardized state level data set. Secondly, the empirical test of the reporting bias theory using a robust statistical model. In policy discourse, a shift is made from general crime control to prevention of violence against the elderly. Regarding the study, its unique primary findings stem from the analysis of per capita CRE in the wider context of socio-economic structure comprising non agriculture, highly educated workforce, the ratio of employed graduates to total population, density of graduates per capita, police presence, income, and per capita police budget funded by the state.

Comparative Study of Financial Planning Habits among Students and Salaried-Employed Individuals in Kolkata

Nirjhar Ghanti, Arijit Saha — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Despite the increasing significance of financial literacy, there is a deficiency of thorough research that juxtapose the financial behaviors of students and salaried professionals in an urban setting such as Kolkata.This study seeks to address this deficiency by offering a comprehensive comparison of the financial planning practices and investment behaviors of these two cohorts. It aims to comprehend the obstacles they have regarding financial literacy, decision-making, and their overall financial health.This study employs a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional research approach. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the financial behaviors, challenges, and financial literacy levels of students and salaried employees in Kolkata.

ESG: Implementation, Reporting, and Internal Audit's Role

Rashi Khattar, Gaytri Ramanathan, Shalini Kumar — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

This paper explores the implementation, reporting, and role of internal audit in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices within organizations. It examines the growing importance of ESG factors in corporate decision-making, the challenges associated with their implementation, and the role of internal audit in ensuring effective ESG reporting. A survey comprising nine questions was conducted, focusing on the Consumer Electronics, Metals and Mining, Automobile, and Chemical industries. The transition of ESG factors from conceptual and investor preferences to regulatory requirements presents challenges for all stakeholders, particularly in integrating sustainability risk factors into existing Risk Management Frameworks.

Determinants of Tourist Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Perceived Value Using Structural Equation Modeling

Rahul Biswas — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Tourism plays a pivotal role in regional development by fostering economic growth, cultural exchange, and employment opportunities. This study investigates the determinants of tourist satisfaction in West Bengal, India, with a particular focus on the mediating role of perceived value. Drawing upon established constructs—Destination Attractiveness, Infrastructure, Cultural Heritage, Safety, and Service Quality—the research applies Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyse survey data collected from 450 tourists in Darjeeling. Results reveal that all five destination attributes significantly influence perceived value, which in turn mediates their effects on tourist satisfaction. Destination Attractiveness and Service Quality emerged as the strongest predictors, while Safety and Infrastructure also contributed directly to satisfaction outcomes. The model explains 65.3% of the variance in tourist satisfaction, underscoring its robustness and practical relevance. Findings highlight the need for strategic investment in infrastructure, safety measures, and cultural programming to enhance perceived value and foster repeat visitation. This research contributes to tourism management literature by providing empirical evidence from an emerging destination context and offering actionable insights for policymakers and destination managers.

AI vs. Human Influencer Branding Comparative Effectiveness of AI-Driven Virtual Influencers vs. Human Influencers in Consumer Engagement

Shivangi Mishra — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The AI mass adoption in digital marketing has brought a paradigm shift in influencer branding, notably the introduction of AI-based virtual influencers. These algorithmically generated beings, which have hyper-realistic aesthetics, consistent brand communications, and personalization based on data are now increasingly challenging human influencers who historically control the influencer economy. This paper conducts a comparative study of how AI-enhanced virtual influencers and human influencers can be used to form consumer behavior, brand loyalty, and purchase intention. Using consumer psychology, theories of marketing communication, and human-computer interaction models, the study examines how viewers find credibility, relatability and authenticity in their encounters with virtual and human-portrayed personas.

The methodology combines both quantitative and qualitative designs incorporating a structured survey of the digital consumers (n=500) of various demographics, in-depth interview with marketing professionals and the evaluation of the engagement metrics of social media campaigns involving the human and AI influencers. The results indicate that human influencers still outperform AI-based influencers on perceived authenticity, emotional appeal, and long-term trust-building, whereas virtual influencers are more effective concerning novelty, aesthetics, cost-effectiveness and precision-driven content personalization. In addition, the research provides insights into differences in the generation of consumer reactions: Gen Z users are much more open and curious about AI influencers, whereas millennials and older generations remain as attached to human influencers.

The comparative observations point to the fact that the effectiveness of influencer type is very situational and depends upon product category, culture dimensions, and campaign goals. An example is that AI influencers work best in the field of technology, fashion, and luxury branding where aspirational visuals and innovativeness is a driving force and human influencers are more convincing in the field of lifestyle, wellness, and socially sensitive where genuineness and compassion are paramount.

The study adds to the emergent literature on employing artificial intelligence in branding tactics by providing a fine sense of the consumer attitude to new online personas. At the end of the paper, the author suggests the implementation of a hybrid-type of co-influencing, where brands have the opportunity to capitalize on the advantage of both AI-based and human influencers to leverage consumer engagement, cost management, and market flexibility. All these findings are of great importance to marketers, advertisers, and digital strategists who want to navigate the influencer ecosystem that is changing in an increasingly AI-driven environment.

Determinants of Financial Well Being: A Study of Urban Working Women in West Bengal

Patralika Bhattacharjya, Susmita Chatterjee, Navin Kumar Jha — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

This study investigates the facilitating role of Financial Skills and Financial Autonomy on Financial Well Being of Urban Working Women in West Bengal. In the methodology of the research study, a primary survey was carried out in a cross-sectional manner and 332 participants were studied. It investigates the structural covariance among latent factors like Financial Autonomy, Financial Skill (FSK), Financial Well-being (FWB), and Money Management Stress (MMS) through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The questionnaire comprised of validated questions that evaluated the constructs of interest, and it was developed through a literature review of financial behaviour and psychological well-being found in Behavioural Economics Literature. The final SEM model consisted of three latent variables as per a well-established theoretical framework. The findings indicate that Financial Skills in combination with Financial Autonomy or the ability of an individual to independently manage their finances, make informed financial decisions, and take effort towards their own financial goals emphatically increases Financial Well Being and reduces Money Management Stress in Urban Working Women.

Financial Capability (FC): A Systematic Review of Literature and Prospects for Future Research

Moupiya Mallick, Sulagna Das — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The available research literatures concerning the emerging area of financial capability demonstrates a broad range of perspectives on both the definition and assessment of this concept. Although there is an ample amount of research literature available for reviewing measurement domains and indicators, there is a lack of extensive bibliographic analysis in this area. The primary objective of this study is to pinpoint major contributors, focal areas, existing dynamics, and propose potential avenues for future research within this specific domain. The systematic literature review (SLR) adheres to the protocol outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This study employs a methodological approach involving systematic literature review, alongside bibliometric, network, and content analysis. This scoping review conducted an analysis of scholarly literature on financial capability from the years 2007 to 2023. In total, 363 studies satisfied all the inclusion criteria for the present study. Utilizing bibliometric techniques, four distinct research clusters have been discerned, and an in-depth content analysis has been conducted on the papers associated with these clusters. The predominant research emphasis in this field revolves around impact of financial capability on financial satisfaction and financial well-being followed by it’s impact on financial behaviour. Subsequently, the focus extends to influence of financial education on financial capability and the measurement of its level. Later part of this study includes recommendations regarding the standardization of measurement for the components within financial capability and the assessment of financial capability itself.

A Study on Financial Performance of Motilal Oswal Ltd.

Manjunath, Sathvik S — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Financial performance is a critical aspect of any organization, reflecting its ability to generate earnings and sustain itself over time. At its core, financial performance is a measure of how well an organization utilizes its resources to generate revenue, manage costs, and create value for its stakeholders. The theoretical background of financial performance is rooted in various financial theories and concepts, including the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), Agency Theory, and Signaling Theory. These theories provide insights into how financial performance is influenced by factors such as market efficiency, agency costs, and information asymmetry. Financial performance refers to how well a company manages its assets, liabilities, and overall financial health to generate revenue and achieve profitability. It's a comprehensive evaluation of a company's financial standing, encompassing its ability to utilize resources, manage debts, and generate profits.

Objectives of the Study: The objectives of the present research is to analyze the financial performance of Motilal Oswal limited using key financial ratio, Examine the liquidity and solvency position of Motilal Oswal limited, To examine the impact of debt implications on shareholders networth and also to evaluate overall financial performance using dupont analysis.

Research Methodology: The Present study is based on secondary data.. To gather the relevant information, such as the net profit, total revenue, and working capital, the financial data from the companies five-year financial statements has been utilised. From the year 2020 to 2024 data and secondary data has been collected from research articles published in journals of repute, besides this authors have collected data from capital line database and authentic e-sources such as money control.com, ticker finology sources are utilised. Ratio analysis is the financial tool used to determine the key financial performance of Motilal Oswal Ltd.

Principal Findings of the study: Effective and efficient financial performance is critical to the survival and increased profitability of any firm. Analyzing financial performance is crucial for determining the company's profitability and potential risks. Company's long-term debt to shareholders' net worth ratio has increased significantly over the years. In 2020-2021, the ratio was 0.27, indicating that long term debt was approximately 27% of shareholders' net worth.